Grammar A2 · Bab 11 dari 16

Must dan Have To: Kewajiban, serta Mustn't vs Don't Have To

Q: Apakah must dan have to bisa ditukar?

Dalam kalimat positif, sering bisa. Bedanya halus: must terasa lebih kuat atau berasal dari diri sendiri, have to dari aturan luar. Dalam kalimat negatif, artinya berbeda jauh.

Q: Apa itu have got to?

Bentuk santai British yang artinya sama dengan have to: I've got to go now.

Must dan have to sama-sama berarti “harus”. Tapi bentuk negatifnya punya arti yang sangat berbeda, dan ini sering keliru.

Suara:

Rumus

Wajib

must + verb 1 · have/has to + verb 1

You must wear a helmet. She has to work today.

Dilarang

mustn't + verb 1

You mustn't smoke here.

Tidak wajib

don't/doesn't have to + verb 1

You don't have to pay. It's free.

Penjelasan

must sering untuk aturan tertulis atau kewajiban dari diri sendiri: I must study harder. Bentuknya tidak berubah dan tanpa to.
have to untuk kewajiban dari luar (aturan, jadwal, atasan): I have to wear a uniform at work. Untuk he/she/it: has to.
mustn't = dilarang: You mustn't use your phone during the exam.
don't have to = tidak perlu (boleh saja kalau mau): You don't have to come early.
Must tidak punya bentuk lampau. Untuk masa lalu pakai had to: I had to wait for two hours.
Bertanya: Do I have to bring my passport? (lebih umum daripada Must I…?).

Tabel ringkas

Bentuk	Arti	Contoh
must / have to	harus	You must show your ID.
mustn't	dilarang	You mustn't park here.
don't have to	tidak perlu	You don't have to print it.
had to	(dulu) harus	I had to work late yesterday.

Contoh kalimat

Ketuk ikon suara, dengarkan, lalu ucapkan ulang dengan intonasi yang sama (teknik shadowing).

All students must wear a uniform.

Semua siswa wajib memakai seragam.

I have to finish this report by Friday.

Aku harus menyelesaikan laporan ini paling lambat hari Jumat.

You mustn't take photos in the museum.

Kamu dilarang memotret di museum.

You don't have to bring food. Lunch is provided.

Kamu tidak perlu membawa makanan. Makan siang disediakan.

Does she have to work on Saturdays?

Apakah dia harus bekerja pada hari Sabtu?

We had to wait for three hours at the airport.

Kami harus menunggu tiga jam di bandara.

Kesalahan yang sering terjadi

You must to go.You must go.Must tanpa to.

She have to work.She has to work.She memakai has to.

You mustn't come if you're busy.You don't have to come if you're busy.Tidak wajib, bukan dilarang.

I must went home early.I had to go home early.Lampau memakai had to.

Tips dari Kapi: Saat membaca syarat beasiswa, perhatikan kata must (wajib) dan do not have to (tidak wajib). Salah paham satu kata bisa membuat berkasmu ditolak.

Kuis Bab 11: Must & have to

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Pertanyaan seputar bab ini

Apakah must dan have to bisa ditukar?

Dalam kalimat positif, sering bisa. Bedanya halus: must terasa lebih kuat atau berasal dari diri sendiri, have to dari aturan luar. Dalam kalimat negatif, artinya berbeda jauh.

Apa itu have got to?

Bentuk santai British yang artinya sama dengan have to: I've got to go now.

Bab 10: Adverb of manner Lanjut Bab 12: Should, could, might

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